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Plain Language Blockchain (Part Four)

#区块链#BTC190
AI Translation
This post is translated from Chinese into English through AI.View Original
AI-generated summary
The train conductor adjusts the difficulty of the questions based on the number of participants to ensure new answers are found every day. The village leader realizes that controlling over 50% of the participants in solving the questions can give them control over the train and its cargo. This is similar to the concept of 51% consensus in POW, where controlling the majority of the network's computing power gives one the power to generate blocks faster and manipulate data. However, this can lead to double-spending attacks, where one spends the same cryptocurrency twice. Both 51% attacks and double-spending attacks are difficult to execute in reality and are usually prevented through collective resistance.

To ensure that someone can possibly calculate new answers every day, the train conductor estimates the number of people participating in obtaining the questions and gradually increases the difficulty of the questions.

Above the rules#

The neighboring village heard that there is a magical train that gives tips when the cargo is placed on the train, and everyone wants to try it.

After the village chief looked at the rules, he didn't take the questions like everyone else, but studied the rules: "If I can control more than 50% of the people to calculate together, I can make the train generate according to my ideas, which means I can control the train and even swap the goods on the train or create items out of thin air..."

The neighboring village chief was excited about the idea and hurried back to the village to call on all the villagers to calculate together. After explaining the pros and cons to the villagers, the whole village unanimously decided to become prosperous together. The neighboring village chief put up a banner near the train: "Calculate the questions together, become rich together, include the village, include marriage."

The village chief quickly discovered this problem and followed suit, gathering all the people in the village to calculate together and enticing people from other villages who came to solve the questions to calculate together in their own village. He also tried various methods to prevent the number of people from exceeding 50%.

  • In POW, the "longest chain consensus" mechanism is used, which means that if you control 51% of the network's computing power, you have an absolute advantage in obtaining the right to record, can generate blocks faster, and have the right to tamper with blockchain data.
  • This can also lead to double-spending attacks.
  • The simplest understanding of the longest chain consensus is that if multiple people have the right to package at the same time, whoever reaches a chain length of 6 first on their own node will be recognized by the main chain.
  • In reality, when the computing power exceeds 45% of the entire network, it is possible to launch an attack. The entire network resists by changing mining pools, etc. (Because BTC still needs a trust foundation. If BTC is controlled by anyone, its credibility disappears, its value disappears, and the entire network cannot function. Therefore, this situation rarely occurs and is mostly balanced by multiple parties.)

Double-spending attack#

This can be understood as you first use 1 BTC from the public chain to buy a computer, and then secretly create a longer chain that indicates that this BTC was used to buy a phone, and broadcast this chain to the public chain, so that 1 BTC is spent twice.

  • Double-spending and 51% attacks are actually very difficult to achieve and have rarely occurred in reality. When Chashio mining pool approached 50% of the network's computing power, it was collectively resisted and announced control measures.
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